Inflected noun in the genitive/possessive case (-র). Base noun: আঙটি / আংটি ("ring", specifically a finger ring). Formed by adding the possessive suffix -র to the base noun.
Finite verb form in the simple future tense, second person honorific (আপনি) or third person honorific (তিনি/তারা). Root verb: আসা ("to come"). Formed with the future tense honorific suffix -বেন. Can be used for 2nd person honorific (আপনি - "You will come / Please come") or 3rd person honorific (তিনি/তারা - "He/She/They will come").
Compound adjective formed from আধো (ādho - "half/partially", from Sanskrit অর্ধ) and ঘুমন্ত (ghumontu - "sleeping", from ঘুম + -ন্ত suffix). Describes a state between waking and sleeping (e.g., আধোঘুমন্ত অবস্থায় - "in a half-asleep state").
Tatsama compound noun formed from আর্ত (arto - "distressed/pained", from Sanskrit आर्त) and রব (rob - "sound/cry/voice", from Sanskrit रव). Refers specifically to an agonized, desperate cry for help or expression of deep suffering (e.g., বিপদের সময় আর্তরব - "a cry of agony in times of danger").
Direct Tatsama borrowing from Sanskrit आवेग (āvega - "agitation / excitement / momentum"). Refers to strong emotional feelings or passionate impulses (e.g., আবেগের বশে - "out of impulse/emotion", গভীর আবেগ - "deep emotion").
Derived from Sanskrit আদর (ādara - "respect/regard"). False Friend (Hindi vs. Bengali): In Hindi, आदर (ādar) retains its original Sanskrit meaning of formal "respect/honor". In Bengali, the meaning shifted toward intimate tenderness, affection, pampering, or physical cuddling.
Conjunctive participle form of the verb বিঁধা (bindha - "to pierce/prick", derived from Sanskrit व्यध् / विंधति). Formed by adding the non-finite verbal suffix -এ (-e) to the stem. Used in contexts like (e.g., বুকে বিঁধে থাকা - "piercing in the chest", কাঁটা বিঁধে যাওয়া - "to get pricked by a thorn").
Cardinal number representing 52 (৫২ in Bengali numerals). Holds significant cultural and historical importance in Bengali identity, frequently referencing the 1952 Language Movement (বায়ান্ন / বাহান্নর ভাষা আন্দোলন).
Common noun derived from Sanskrit (वत्सर).
Inflected noun in the locative case (-তে). Base noun: বাড়ি ("house", "home"), derived from Sanskrit वाटिका (vāṭikā). Formed by adding the locative suffix -তে to the base noun.
Inflected noun in the genitive/possessive case (-এর). Base noun: বুক ("chest", "heart", "breast"), derived from Sanskrit वक्षस् (vakṣas) / বুক্ক (bukka). Formed by adding the possessive suffix -এর to the base noun.
Third person simple future tense (সে/তারা) or second person polite/formal simple future tense (আপনি). Root verb: ভাবা ("to think"), derived from Sanskrit भावयति (bhāvayati) / भाव (bhāva). Formed by adding the future inflectional suffix -বে to the verb stem.
Locative inflected form of the noun বিছানা (bichhana - "bed/bedding"). Cognate with Hindi बिछौना (bichhauna) / बिछावन (bichhaavan), both tracing back to Sanskrit विस्तार (vistara - "spreading out"). Formed by adding the locative suffix -য় (-y) to the noun stem (বিছানা + য় = বিছানায়). Used in contexts like (e.g., বিছানায় শুয়ে থাকা - "lying in bed").
Possessive form of বাণ (ban - "arrow", from Sanskrit बाण). Formed by adding the possessive suffix -এর (-er) to the stem. Used in contexts like (e.g., বাণের আঘাত - "strike of an arrow"). Distinct from homophonic বান (ban - "flood/tidal wave").
Tatsama borrowing from Sanskrit भद्र (bhadra - "blessed, auspicious, gentle"). In literary contexts, used to describe soft, modest, or non-aggressive qualities (e.g., ভদ্র হিম - "gentle/mild coolness").
Tadbhav word derived from Sanskrit वक्र (vakra - "crooked/curved"). Used to describe physical curves or angles (e.g., বাঁকা টিপ - "a tilted/slanted bindi", বাঁকা চাঁদ - "curved crescent moon").
Inflected noun in the locative/instrumental case (-এ). Base noun: চিৎকার ("shout", "scream", "outcry"), derived from Sanskrit चित्कार (citkāra) / चीत्कार (cītkāra). Formed by adding the locative suffix -এ to the base noun.
Inflected noun in the locative case (-এ). Base noun: চোখ ("eye"), derived from Sanskrit चक्षुस् (cakṣus). Formed by adding the locative suffix -এ to the base noun.
Conjunctive participle (non-finite verb) of the root verb ছোটা (choṭa - "to run", "to rush"). Formed by adding the non-finite participle suffix -এ to the verb stem, with stem vowel change (ো → ু). Frequently forms compound verbs like ছুটে যাওয়া ("to run towards/away") or ছুটে আসা ("to rush over").
Compound adverb formed from চার (chār - "four", from Sanskrit चतुर्) and পাশে (pāśe - "on the side", locative of পাশ, from Sanskrit पार्श्व). Literally translates to "on four sides", used to indicate complete spatial surrounding (e.g., আমার চারপাশে - "all around me").
Locative inflected form of the noun চুল (chul - "hair"). Derived from Sanskrit चूडा (cūḍā - "crest/hair top") or चूल (cūla). Formed by adding the locative suffix -এ (-e) to the noun stem (চুল + এ = চুলে). Used in context like (e.g., এলোমেলো চুলে - "with messy hair", চুলে হাত দেওয়া - "to run hands through hair").
1. Adjective: Used to describe something suppressed, muted, or concealed (e.g., চাপা কান্না - "muffled/suppressed crying", চাপা হাসি - "stifled smile", চাপা স্বভাব - "reserved nature"). 2. Verb: From the stem চাপানো/চাপা ("to press down/cover"). Used in physical or metaphorical contexts (e.g., গাড়ি চাপা পড়া - "to be run over by a car", সত্য চাপা দেওয়া - "to cover up the truth").
Conjunctive participle form of চাওয়া (chaawa - "to look / gaze" or "to want"). When paired with দিকে (dike) as চেয়ে থাকা (cheye thaka), it forms the compound verb "to keep staring / gazing toward" (e.g., টিপের দিকে চেয়ে থাকবো - "I will keep staring toward the bindi").
Compound word formed from the noun ঢেউ ("wave") and the suffix -হীন ("-less", "devoid of"). Used to describe tranquil or motionless bodies of water (or metaphorically, a peaceful state).
Tatsama (Sanskrit loanword) compound word formed from দিক্ ("direction/cardinal point") + অন্ত ("end/boundary"). Literally translates to "the end of directions" or the visible line where the earth meets the sky.
Imperative verb form, second person familiar (তুমি). Root verb: দাঁড়ানো ("to stand", "to wait"), derived from Sanskrit दण्डायते (daṇḍāyate) / दण्ड (daṇḍa). Formed with the familiar imperative suffix -ও. Frequently used as a conversational command meaning "Wait!" or "Hold on!"
Demonstrative modifier indicating quantity, degree, or extent. Derived from Sanskrit इयत्त (iyatta) / एतावत् (etāvat). Used to emphasize intensity or extent (e.g., এত সুন্দর - "so beautiful", এত কেন? - "why this much?").
Descriptive reduplicated/echo compound word indicating lack of order or disorderliness. Used for physical clutter (e.g., এলোমেলো চুল - "messy hair") as well as abstract ideas or thoughts (e.g., এলোমেলো চিন্তা - "random/disorganized thoughts").
Finite verb form in the simple future tense, first person (আমি). Derived from the root verb ঘুমোনো / ঘুমানো ("to sleep"). Formed with the future tense first-person suffix -বো.
Possessive inflected form of the noun গুণিন (gunin - "exorcist, sorcerer, or traditional healer who uses charms/mantras"). Derived from Sanskrit गुणिन् (gunin - "virtuous, skilled, or possessing qualities/virtues"). Formed by adding the possessive suffix -এর (-er) to the noun stem (গুণিন + এর = গুণিনের).
Verbal noun / infinitive form of the verb হারা (root: হার-). Can function as a transitive verb ("to lose something") or as a participle/adjective meaning "lost" or "missing" (e.g., হারানো সুর - "lost melody").
Ends with a husanta/halant consonant sound (ৎ / t).
Used to express similarity or comparison ("as if"), or to express purpose/wish ("so that", "may it be"). Pronounced with an inherent 'o' sound at the end (jeno).
Inflected noun in the genitive/possessive case (-র). Base noun: জানালা ("window"). Formed by adding the possessive suffix -র to the base noun.
Disjunctive conjunction used to present an alternative. Derived from Sanskrit किं वा (kiṁ vā - "or", "whether"). Used in formal or literary Bengali to link two options or clauses (equivalent to অথবা / বা).
Conjunctive participle (non-finite verb) or locative noun form of কামড় ("bite"). Root verb: কামড়ানো ("to bite"). Formed by adding the participle suffix -এ to the verb stem (কামড় + এ). Frequently used in compound expressions (e.g., কামড়ে ধরা - "to bite down on / to hold fast with teeth").
Locative inflected form of কাছ (kachh - "proximity / side / vicinity"). Formed with the locative suffix -এ (-e). Used extensively as a postposition indicating physical proximity (e.g., নদীর কাছে - "near the river"), directional movement towards a person (e.g., তোমার শিয়রের কাছে - "near the head of your bed"), or mental/emotional closeness (e.g., আমার কাছে - "to me / in my view").
Derived from Sanskrit लक्ष्य (lakṣya - "target", "mark", "object"). Commonly used as a noun meaning "goal/aim" (e.g., আমার লক্ষ্য - "my goal") or in compound phrases like লক্ষ্য করা ("to notice/observe"). Not to be confused with লক্ষ (lokkho - "one hundred thousand / lakh"), though both share a common Sanskrit root.
Third-person future tense of the intransitive verb লুটানো (lutano - "to roll/wallow on the floor" or "to lie scattered"). Derived from Sanskrit लुंठ् (lunṭh - "to roll/wallow"). In Standard Colloquial Bengali (Chalit Bhasha), verbs ending in the -আনো (-ano) stem often undergo vowel mutation in the future tense. The -আ- (-a-) shifts to -ও- (-o-) before the -বে (-be) suffix. Therefore, লুটানো (lutano) becomes লুটোবে (lutobe) rather than লুটাবে (lutabe). Similar examples include লুকানো (lukano -> lukobe - "will hide") and ঘুমানো (ghumano -> ghumobe - "will sleep"). Context: Used in literary contexts to describe things resting or lying prostrate gracefully (e.g., পায়ের কাছে... লুটোবে - "will lie scattered at [your] feet"). Distinct from the transitive verb meaning "to loot/plunder".
Functions primarily as an enclitic postposition following a genitive noun/pronoun (e.g., আমার মতো - "like me"). When used post-verbally or with nouns, it can denote degree, fitness, or sufficiency (e.g., খাবার মতো - "edible / suitable to eat").
Inflected noun in the locative case (-এ). Base noun: মাঠ ("field", "ground"), derived from Sanskrit मट्ट (maṭṭa) / वाट (vāṭa). Formed by adding the locative suffix -এ to the base noun.
Conjunctive participle form of the verb মেশা (mesha - "to mix/blend"). Derived from Sanskrit मिश्र (miśra). Often used in compound verbs like মিশে থাকা ("to remain blended/embedded") or মিশে যাওয়া ("to dissolve/merge into").
Formed by adding the endearing enclitic definite article -খানি (-khani) to the Tatsama noun মুখ (mukh - "face", from Sanskrit मुख). The suffix -খানি adds a tone of tender affection, aesthetic appreciation, or sweetness in poetic and literary contexts (e.g., তোমার মুখখানি - "your sweet face").
Adjective describing a quiet or secluded place/state. Directly borrowed from Sanskrit निभृत (nibhṛta - "hidden", "secret", "quiet"). Often used in poetic or literary contexts (e.g., নিভৃত কোণে - "in a secluded corner").
Tatsama adjective derived from Sanskrit निज (nija - "own/native") + स्व (sva - "self"). Refers to something belonging exclusively to an individual or entity (e.g., নিজস্ব ঘর - "one's own room", নিজস্ব শৈলী - "one's own style").
Used as an adversative conjunction to introduce a contrast or unexpected fact given the preceding context.
Correlative demonstrative word pointing to a distal/medial quality or manner ("like that over there"). Derived from Sanskrit অমুष्य or Prakrit অমূণ. Commonly used in speech and poetry (e.g., অমন কথা - "such words / talk like that").
Finite verb, present perfect tense. Root verb: ফেরা ("to return"). Formed from the verb stem ফির- + perfect marker -েছো. Second person familiar form (তুমি), indicating a completed action with relevance to the present.
Verbal stem / infinitive form, derived from Sanskrit पतति (patati) / पढ़ति (paḍhati). When combined with locative nouns (like মনে), it functions as an auxiliary verb meaning "to occur" or "to strike" (e.g., মনে পড়া - "to occur to mind / to remember").
Descriptive noun referring to a small dot or point. Desiccated/colloquial term often used for the dot under Bengali letters like র (ro) or ড় (ṛo). Likely of Deshi/onomatopoeic origin indicating a tiny dot or spot.
Second-person informal/polite imperative form of the verb পাওয়া (paawa - "to get/receive"). Used in negative imperative constructions like ভয় পেয়ো না (bhoy peyo na - "don't get scared/don't be afraid"). Distinct from the homograph পেয়ো (peyo - "drinkable/beverage", from Sanskrit पेय).
Possessive form of প্রজাপতি (projapoti - "butterfly", formed with -র / -er suffix). Semantic Shift: 1. Bengali (Modern): Almost universally refers to "butterfly" (e.g., প্রজাপতির ডানা - "butterfly's wings"). 2. Sanskrit (Original Tatsama): Means "Lord of Creatures" (প্রজা + পতি), referring to Brahma, a ruler, or the god overseeing marriage/procreation. In Bengali culture, 'প্রজাপতি' (Prajapati) is strongly associated with weddings. The symbol of a butterfly is traditionally printed on Bengali wedding invitations to invoke the blessings of the god of marriage.
Direct Tatsama borrowing from Sanskrit प्रस्फुटित (prasphuṭita - "blossomed / blown / expanded"). Formed with prefix প্র- (pro-) + root স্ফুট্ (sphuṭ - "to burst open/bloom") + suffix - ইত (-ito).
Second/third-person future tense of the auxiliary/modal verb পারা (para - "to be able to / can"). Derived from Sanskrit पारयति (pārayati - "to cross over / accomplish"). Often paired with a verbal noun or root (e.g., করতে পারবে - "will be able to do").
Inflected noun in the genitive/possessive case (-এর). Base noun: রৌদ্র ("sunlight", "sunshine", "heat of the sun"), derived from Sanskrit रौद्र (raudra). Formed by adding the possessive suffix -এর to the base noun.
Technical grammatical term for the post-consonantal superscript symbol (র্). Derived from Sanskrit रेफ (repha - "the letter r", "a low/vile sound"). Placed above a consonant or cluster to indicate an 'r' sound before that consonant (e.g., কর্ম - kormo, তর্ক - torko).
Inflected form of the letter name র (ro). Formed by taking the base letter name র (ro) and adding a euphonic glide -য়- (-yo-) before the possessive suffix -এর (-er) to avoid a vowel hiatus (অ + এর → অয়ের). Literally "of Ra" (e.g., রয়ের ফুট্কি - "the dot of Ra").
Locative inflected form (-এ suffix) of the Tatsama noun রন্ধ্র (rondhro - "pore / hole / aperture", from Sanskrit रन्ध्र). Frequently doubled as রন্ধ্রে রন্ধ্রে (rondhre rondhre) to mean "in every single pore" or "pervading through every nook and cranny."
Tatsama compound word derived from Sanskrit सहास (sahāsa) / सह (saha - "with") + हास (hāsa - "laughter/smile"). Often used in literary Bengali to describe a smiling face or expression (e.g., সহাস্য বদন / সহাস্য মুখ - "a smiling face").
Adverb of manner used in literary or formal speech. Directly borrowed from Sanskrit सहसा (sahasā - "forcefully", "rashly", "suddenly"). Synonym in common speech: হঠাৎ (hoṭhaṭ).
Adverb/adjective used for restriction or emphasis. Derived from Sanskrit शुद्ध (śuddha - "pure", "clean", "mere"). Frequently used in both colloquial and literary Bengali (equivalent to কেবল / মাত্র).
Plural inflected form of the noun শব্দ (shobdo - "word/sound", from Sanskrit शब्द). Formed by adding the non-human/inanimate plural classifier suffix -গুলি (-guli) to the noun stem (শব্দ + গুলি = শব্দগুলি).
Possessive form of শিয়র (shiyor - "head-end of a bed/pillow area", derived from Sanskrit शिरस् / śiras). Formed with possessive suffix -এর (-er). Frequently used in poetry/prose (e.g., শিয়রের কাছে - "near the head of [someone's] bed").
Compound word formed from সকাল (shokal - "morning", derived from Sanskrit सकाले) and বেলা (bela - "time / period of the day", from Sanskrit वेला). Refers specifically to the time period of the morning or functions adverbially as "in the morning" (e.g., সকালবেলা ঘুম থেকে ওঠা - "waking up in the morning").
Non-finite verb form (conditional participle / infinitive) derived from the root verb থাকা ("to stay", "to exist", "to remain"). When used postpositionally with a genitive noun/pronoun, it indicates time or presence (e.g., আলো থাকতে থাকতে - "while there is still light", আমার থাকতে - "while I am still here").
Inflected noun in the genitive/possessive case (-এর). Base noun: টিপয় ("teapoy", "small three-legged table"), borrowed from Hindi तिपाई (tipāī), ultimately derived from Sanskrit त्रिपाद (tripāda - "three-footed") combined with Persian/English influences. Formed by adding the possessive suffix -এর to the base noun.
A widely used postposition indicating origin, time starting point, or comparison. Derived from the non-finite form of the verb থাকা ("to remain/stay"), ultimately from Sanskrit স্থা (sthā). Follows a noun or pronoun (e.g., ঘর থেকে - "from the room", গতকাল থেকে - "since yesterday").
A Deshi / colloquial Bengali noun used almost exclusively in compound verbal expressions denoting perception or awareness. Most commonly paired with পাওয়া (paawa - "to get") as টের পাওয়া (ter paawa - "to feel / sense / realize / notice") or with পাওয়ানো (paawano) as টের পাওয়ানো (ter paawano - "to teach a lesson / make someone feel the consequences").
Possessive form of টিপ (tip - "bindi / decorative dot worn on the forehead", formed with -এর / -er suffix). Derived from the root টিপা (to press/dab).
First-person future tense of the intransitive verb তাকানো (takano - "to look / gaze / stare"). Derived from Deshi/Prakrit origins. Differs from দেখা (dekha - "to see") by emphasizing directional focus or intent toward a target (e.g., চোখের দিকে তাকাবো - "I will look/gaze into your eyes").
Abstract noun derived from the adjective উষ্ণ (ushno - "warm/hot", from Sanskrit उष्ण). Formed by adding the abstract noun suffix -তা (-ta) to the adjective stem (উষ্ণ + তা = উষ্ণতা). Used for both physical heat/temperature (e.g., শরীরের উষ্ণতা - "body temperature") and emotional warmth.